In the current issue of "Science News", Barbara Berrie and Louisa Matthew, from the conservation department at the National Gallery of Art, report on new discoveries in the paint formulation of sixteenth century Venetian paintings. It seems that ground glass was added to the powdered pigments upon grinding in linseed oil to increase transparency and to speed the drying time of the paint. Microscopic traces of glass were found in samples of Lorenzo Lotto's pigments viewed by Berrie "using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, among other sophisticated analytical techniques"
"Upon closer examination, Berrie found high-quality silica in a form routinely used by Venetian glassmakers. During the Renaissance, they obtained it from quartzite pebbles along the Ticino River in northern Italy. They would then grind the quartzite into a fine powder."
Lorenzo Lotto
detail: Allegory of Virtue and Vice, 1505, National Gallery of Art
"For the Venetians to be able to use this ultrapure source of silica was a real technological innovation. Traditionally, glass was made from sand, which is loaded with impurities such as iron. The iron gives glass a green tint. Using pure silica, helped Venetian glassmakers to create their colorless cristallo. Perhaps Lotto was trying to achieve the same clarity in his paintings. He was layering these paints so thinly, he must have been taking advantage of glass' optical properties, says Berrie."
sciencenews
And I highly recommend the color histories found on:
webexhibits
2 comments:
If an amateur wanted to experiment with the addition of glass to pigment for oil paint, would he be better served by grinding his or her own glass in the proper hue, or should he look toward ceramic glazes? I have no idea where to find sand without impurities. Thanks. Interesting blog, by the way.
Ceramic glazes are mostly feldspars and other minerals, not the same thing as quartz, though ... experiment as you are moved! You can also try grinding it yourself in a mortar and pestle (which worked well for me the one time I tried it) since the powder was rather coarse and added a brilliance and color that I've read won't come from powders that are ground too finely. I'm currently experimenting with grinding glass in a martini shaker filled partially with ball bearings. I haven't had any results to speak of, since I'm working on lots of projects, but it might work ...
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